That on which one steps

grădus, ūs (archaic gen. sing. graduis, Varr. ap. Non. 494, 17; dat. gradu, Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. remeligines, p. 276 Müll.), m. [kindr. with Sanscr. kram, to go; v. gradior], a step, pace (cf.: gressus, passus, incessus).

Lit.:

ad hanc conversionem, quae pedibus et gradu non egeret, ingrediendi membra non dedit,

Cic. Univ. 6: quaenam vox ex te resonans meo gradu remoram facit? Lucil. l. l.: gradum proferre pedum, Enn. ap. Fest. S. V. PEDUM, p. 249, a Müll. (Trag. v. 248 Vahl.): quo nunc incerta re atque inorata gradum Regredere conare? id. ap. Non. 166, 23 (Trag. v. 12 Vahl.):

gradum facere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249:

tollere gradum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 6:

ad forum suspenso gradu placide ire perrexi,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 27:

quieto et placido gradu sequi,

Phaedr. 2, 7, 6; cf.

, on the contrary: celeri gradu Eunt uterque,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 22:

ut tu es gradibus grandibus,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 11:

citato gradu in hostem ducere,

Liv. 28, 14, 17:

concito gradu properare,

Phaedr. 3, 2, 11:

gradum celerare,

to hasten, Verg. A. 4, 641: so,

corripere,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 33:

addere,

Liv. 26, 9, 5:

sistere,

Verg. A. 6, 465:

sustinere,

Ov. F. 6, 398:

revocare,

Verg. A. 6, 128:

referre,

Ov. F. 5, 502:

vertere,

Stat. Th. 8, 138 et saep.:

peditum aciem instructam pleno gradu in hostem inducit,

at full pace, at a quick step, Liv. 4, 32, 10; 34, 15, 3; 34, 16, 2; cf.: militari gradu viginti milia passuum horis quinque dumtaxat aestivis conficienda sunt;

pleno autem gradu, qui citatior est, totidem horis XXIV. milia peragenda sunt,

Veg. 1, 9:

modico gradu,

Liv. 30, 5, 3: presso gradu, = badên, with measured step, a moderate pace, id. 28, 14, 14:

citato gradu,

id. 28, 14, 17; Trebon. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 2: non gradu, sed praecipiti cursu a virtute descitum, ad vitia transcursum, step by step, = gradatim, Vell. 2, 1, 1:

per gradus,

Ov. M. 2, 354.—

Trop., a step, stage, degree:

quem mortis timuit gradum,

pace, approach, Hor. C. 1, 3, 17:

hunc quasi gradum quendam atque aditum ad cetera factum intelligitis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 38; cf.:

itaque majoribus nostris in Africam ex hac provincia gradus imperii factus est,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 3; Quint. 3, 6, 8; so,

Crassus Licinius nec consul nec praetor ante fuerat, quam censor est factus: ex aedilitate gradum censuram fecit,

Liv. 27, 6, 17; 6, 35, 2 Drak.:

hunc gradum mei reditus esse, quod mulieres revertissent,

a step towards my return, Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2; cf. Liv. 6, 42, 2:

notitiam primosque gradus vicinia fecit: Tempore crevit amor,

Ov. M. 4, 59; cf. Prop. 1, 13, 8:

cum consuleretur, quid sentiret, Non possum, inquit, tibi dicere: nescio enim quid de gradu faciat: tamquam de essedario interrogaretur,

i. e. of the Peripatetics, Sen. Ep. 29:

etsi spondeus, quod est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior, habet tamen stabilem quendam et non expertem dignitatis gradum,

pace, Cic. Or. 64, 216.

Transf.

In milit. and gladiator's lang., station, position, ground taken by a combatant:

obnisos vos (velim) stabili gradu impetum hostium excipere,

Liv. 6, 12, 8; cf. Tac. H. 2, 35:

de gradu libero ac stabili conari,

Liv. 34, 39, 3:

in suo quisque gradu obnixi, urgentes scutis, sine respiratione ac respectu pugnabant,

id. 8, 38, 11:

inque gradu stetimus, certi non cedere,

Ov. M. 9, 43:

hostes gradu demoti,

Liv. 6, 32, 8 Drak. N. cr.; for which:

turbare ac statu movere,

id. 30, 18, 4.—

Trop., a firm position or stand:

corda virum mansere gradu,

i. e. firm, steadfast, Sil. 16, 21:

fortis et constantis est, non perturbari in rebus asperis, nec tumultuantem de gradu deici, ut dicitur,

to let one's self be disconcerted, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80; cf.:

dejectus de gradu,

id. Att. 16, 15, 3: motus gradu, Sen. Const. Sap. 19:

gradu depulsus,

Nep. Them. 5, 1; cf.:

nam si gradum, si caritatem filii apud te haberem,

Liv. 40, 9, 3.—

That on which one steps, a step or round of a ladder, a stair.

Lit. (usu. in plur.): quemadmodum scalarum gradus si alios tollas, alios incidas, etc., Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3:

haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos Nituntur gradibus,

Verg. A. 2, 443:

gradus templorum,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 5:

gradus ejusdem templi tollebantur,

id. Sest. 15, 34; cf.:

aerea cui (templo) gradibus surgebant limina,

Verg. A. 1, 448; Vell. 2, 3, 1:

pro Palatii gradibus,

Suet. Ner. 8; id. Vit. 15:

praeceps per gradus ire,

id. Calig. 35:

si gradibus trepidatur ab imis,

Juv. 3, 200.—

Sing.:

cum dextro pede primus gradus ascenditur,

Vitr. 3, 3.—

Transf., of things that rise by steps.

In hair-dressing, a braid of hair:

caput in gradus atque anulos comptum,

Quint. 12, 10, 47:

comam in gradus frangere,

id. 1, 6, 44; cf.:

coma in gradus formata,

Suet. Ner. 51.—

In econom. lang., a spit or such a depth of earth as can be dug at once with the spade, Col. 3, 13, 19; 4, 1, 3.—

In math., a degree of a circle, Manil. 1, 579.—

In veterin. lang., a wrinkle on the roof of a horse's mouth, Veg. Vet. 1, 2; 32; 4, 2.—

Trop., a step, degree in tones, in age, relationship, rank, etc. (equally common in sing. and plur.):

ille princeps variabit et mutabit, omnes sonorum tum intendens tum remittens persequetur gradus,

Cic. Or. 18, 59; cf. id. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

ab ima ad summam (vocem) ac retro multi sunt gradus,

Quint. 11, 3, 15; cf. Vulg. Psa. 119 Tit. et saep.:

Paulatim gradus aetatis scandere adultae,

Lucr. 2, 1123; cf.:

quod tanta penuria est in omni vel honoris vel aetatis gradu, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 3; so,

aetatis,

Vell. 2, 36, 2; Quint. 3, 7, 15; Suet. Aug. 79; id. Tit. 3 al.:

unus gradus et una progenies,

Lact. 2, 10, 10:

nostri quoque sanguinis auctor Juppiter est, totidemque gradus distamus ab illo,

Ov. M. 13, 143; cf.:

a matre Magnum Pompeium artissimo contingebat gradu,

Suet. Aug. 4; id. Ner. 2:

qui (populus) te tam mature ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus extulit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

gradus dignitatis,

id. Rep. 1, 27; cf. id. ib. 1, 27 fin.—Sing.:

ex tam alto dignitatis gradu,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12 fin.:

gradus altior, altissimus, amplissimus, dignitatis,

id. Clu. 55, 150; id. Phil. 1, 6, 14; id. Mur. 14, 30; cf. also id. ib. 27, 55:

summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenere et dignitatis et gratiae,

id. Planc. 13, 32:

a senatorio gradu longe abesse,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 21, 61; cf.:

ascendens gradibus magistratuum,

id. Brut. 81, 281.—Without gen.:

etenim quis est civis praesertim hoc gradu, quo me vos esse voluistis, tam oblitus beneficii vestri, etc.,

id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

omni gradu amplissimo dignissimus,

id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:

gradus officiorum,

id. Off. 1, 45, 160:

temporum servantur gradus,

id. Part. 4, 12: cf.:

non iidem erunt necessitudinum gradus qui temporum,

id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

gradus cognationis,

Dig. 38, 10, 1 sqq.:

v. de gradibus,

Paul. Sent. 4, 11, 1 -8:

agnationis,

Gai. Inst. 3, 10, 11:

si plures eodem gradu sint agnati,

Ulp. Fragm. 26, 5: cognati ex transverso gradu usque ad quartum gradum, i. e. collateral kindred (opp. parentes et liberi), id. ib. 5, 6:

gradus plures sunt societatis hominum,

id. ib. 1, 17, 53:

peccatorum gradus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 74, § 172:

oratorum aetates et gradus,

id. Brut. 32, 122; cf.:

gradus et dissimilitudines Atticorum,

id. ib. 82, 285:

accendendi judicis plures sunt gradus,

Quint. 11, 3, 166; 6, 4, 67: nec gradus est ultra Fabios cognominis ullus;

Illa domus meritis Maxima dicta suis,

Ov. F. 1, 605:

si ita esset, quid opus erat te gradatim istuc pervenire?... A beatis ad virtutem, a virtute ad rationem video te venisse gradibus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 89; cf.:

omnes gradus virtutis implere,

Lact. 5, 14, 18; and:

hi plerumque gradus,

Juv. 11, 46.

ūnus (old forms OINOS and OENOS; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9; C. I. L. 1, 32, 35), a, um (scanned gen. sing. unĭus, Lucr. 2, 379; Verg. A. 1, 41; Hor. S. 1, 6, 13 al.:

unīus,

Verg. A. 1, 251; Ov. M. 13, 181 al.; ante-class. collat. form of the gen. sing. uni, Titin. ap. Prisc. pp. 694 and 717 P.; dat. m. uno, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 6; dat. f. unae, Cato, R. R. 19, 1; acc. OINO, C. I. L. l. l.; voc. une, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 673 P.; Cat. 37, 17; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 63 Müll.; Aug. Conf. 1, 7), num. adj. [cf. Gr. oinê, oios; Goth. ains; Germ. eins; Engl. one].

Prop.

In gen., one, a single.

Sing.:

dabitur tibi amphora una et una semita, Fons unus, unum aënum et octo dolia,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 33 sq.:

mulieres duas pejores esse quam unam,

id. Curc. 5, 1, 2:

pluris est oculatus testis unus, quam auriti decem,

id. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

unius esse negotium diei,

Caes. B. C. 3, 82:

mors Tiberii Gracchi... divisit populum unum in duas partes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 31:

cum penes unum est omnium summa rerum, regem illum unum vocamus,

id. ib. 1, 26, 42:

qui uno et octogesimo anno scribens est mortuus,

id. Sen. 5, 13; cf. Plin. 29, 6, 39, § 141.—Corresponding to alter:

Helvetii continentur unā ex parte flumine Rheno, alterā ex parte monte Jurā,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2:

unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat,

Cic. Clu. 64, 178; id. Verr. 2, 4, 29, § 66; 2, 5, 29, § 76:

exercituum unus... alter,

Liv. 24, 44, 1:

ratio triplex: una de vitā et moribus, altera de naturā,

Cic. Ac. 1, 5, 19:

cum duas cerneret vias, unam Voluptatis, alteram Virtutis,

id. Off. 1, 32, 118:

unam Nicaeam, alteram Bucephalen vocavit,

Just. 12, 8, 8; and, connected with alter:

habetur una atque altera contio vehemens,

repeated, several, Cic. Clu. 28, 77:

neque in uno aut altero animadversum est, sed jam in pluribus,

one or two, id. Mur. 21, 43:

meae verecundiae sufficit unus aut alter, ac potius unus,

Plin. Ep. 2, 13. 3;

4, 3, 1: excepto patre tuo, praeterea uno aut altero,

id. Pan. 45:

unus atque alter et mox plures,

Suet. Claud. 12:

unus et alter assentiuntur,

Curt. 5, 7, 4:

sed postquam amans accessit... Unus et item alter,

Ter. And. 1, 1. 50:

amici, Qui modo de multis unus et alter erant,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 16;

rarely unus post unum (= singuli deinceps): interiere,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 26, 41:

uno plus Tuscorum cecidisse in acie (sc. quam Romanorum),

Liv. 2, 7, 2; cf.:

legem unā plures tribus antiquarunt quam jusserunt,

id. 5, 30, 7.—

With gen. part.: Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres: quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

totam philosophiam tres in partes diviserunt... quarum cum una sit, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 4, 2, 5:

superiores tres erant, quarum est una sola defensa,

id. ib. 5, 7, 20:

orare ut trium harum rerum unam ab se impetrari sinerent,

Liv. 42, 23, 5.—

Plur.:

ex unis geminas mihi conficies nuptias,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 50: molas asinarias unas, et trusatiles unas, Hispanienses unas. Cato, R. R. 10, 4; so,

molae,

id. ib. 13, 1:

quadrigae,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14:

similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum,

Auct. Her. 3, 20, 33:

adductus sum tuis unis et alteris litteris,

Cic. Att. 14, 18, 1:

decumae,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

tibi invideo, quod unis vestimentis tam diu lautus es,

id. Fl. 29, 70:

satis una superque Vidimus excidia,

Verg. A. 2, 642; Luc. 4, 548.—

With gen. part.:

tria Graecorum genera sunt, quorum uni sunt Athenienses, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 27, 64.—

Esp.

Adverbial expressions.

Ad unum, all together, unanimously, to a man, without exception:

amplius duūm milium numero ad unum terga vertebant, Auct. B. Afr. 70: consurrexit senatus cum clamore ad unum,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2:

Juppiter, si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

Verg. A. 5, 687:

cui sunt adsensi ad unum (senatores),

Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 2:

ipsos ad unum caedere,

Curt. 7, 5, 32;

usu. with omnes,

Cic. Lael. 23, 86; Liv. 21, 42, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 27; cf. ad, C. 2.—

In unum, into one, to one place, together:

Fibrenus divisus aequaliter in duas partes latera haec alluit, rapideque dilapsus cito in unum confluit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6; cf. Sall. J. 51, 3; Liv. 30, 11, 4; 44, 7, 8; Verg. E. 7, 2; Ov. R. Am. 673.—

Of that which is common to several persons or things, one and the same.

Alone.

Sing.:

cum suo sibi gnato unam ad amicam de die Potare,

Plaut. As. 4, 2, 16:

uno exemplo ne omnes vitam viverent,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 132; cf. id. Capt. prol. 20:

unius aetatis clarissimi et sapientissimi nostrae civitatis viri,

Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

illa cum uno tempore audīsset, etc.,

id. Clu. 9, 28:

atque uno etiam tempore accidit, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

omnibus hic erit unus honos,

Verg. A. 5, 308:

omnes una manet nox,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 15:

unus utrique Error,

id. S. 2, 3, 51:

parentum injuriae Unius modi sunt ferme,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 31:

noli putare tolerabiles horum insanias nec unius modi fore,

Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5; so,

unius modi,

id. Univ. 7.—Esp., uno ore, with one voice, all together, unanimously:

ceteri amici omnes Uno ore auctores fuere, ut, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 20:

de cujus utilitate omnes uno ore consentiunt,

Cic. Lael. 23, 86:

unoque omnes eadem ore fremebant,

Verg. A. 11, 132.—

Plur.:

aderit una in unis aedibus,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 76:

unis moribus et nunquam mutatis legibus vivunt,

Cic. Fl. 26, 63.—

Connected with idem:

exitus quidem omnium unus et idem fuit,

Cic. Div. 2, 47, 97:

in quā (sc. causā) omnes sentirent unum atque idem,

id. Cat. 4, 7, 14:

ferar unus et idem,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 200; Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 18.—

Corresponding to idem:

non semper idem floribus est honor Vernis, neque uno Luna rubens nitet Vultu,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 10.—

For solus, of that which is alone, by itself; one, alone, only, sole, single.

Alone:

hic unus, ut ego suspicor, servat fidem,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 4, 21:

unum hoc scio, hanc meritam esse, ut memor esses sui,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 46; cf.:

unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

cum mihi sit unum opus hoc a parentibus meis relictum,

id. ib. 1, 22, 35:

nunc vero eversis omnibus rebus, una ratio videtur,

id. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

itaque unum illud erat insitum priscis illis,

id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

quove praesidio unus per tot gentes pervenisset?

Liv. 1, 18, 3:

erat omnino in Galliā ulteriore legio una,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

Pompejus plus potest unus, quam ceteri omnes,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3:

cui (sc. mihi) semper uni magis, quam universis, placere voluisti,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16, § 46:

qui (sc. Demosthenes) unus eminet inter omnes in omni genere dicendi,

id. Or. 29, 104:

te unum in tanto exercitu mihi fuisse adsensorem,

id. Fam. 6, 21, 1.— Absol.:

de Antonio nihil dico praeter unum,

Cic. Sest. 3, 8.—

With ex:

cum te unum ex omnibus ad dicendum maxime natum aptumque cognōssem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 99: illc unus ex omnibus Italicis intactus profugit, [p. 1934] Sall. J. 67, 3; 69, 4.—

With gen.:

ille unus ordinis nostri discessu meo palam exsultavit,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133:

quod post Cannensem cladem unus Romanorum imperatorum prospere rem gessisset,

Liv. 23, 30, 19.—

With sup.:

tu, quam ego unam vidi mulierem audacissumam,

Plaut. As. 3, 1, 16:

unus istic servos est sacerrumus,

id. Most. 4, 2, 67:

rem unam esse omnium difficillimam,

Cic. Brut. 6, 25:

urbem unam mihi amicissimam declinavi,

id. Planc. 41, 97:

quo ego uno equite Romano familiarissime utor,

id. Fam. 13, 43, 1:

virum unum totius Graeciae doctissimum Platonem accepimus,

id. Rab. Post. 9, 23.—

With magis:

quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam Posthabitā coluisse Samo,

Verg. A. 1, 15.—

With comp.:

sagacius unus odoror,

Hor. Epod. 12, 4.—

Strengthened by solus:

unus est solus inventus, qui, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 62, 130; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13:

ex uno oppido solo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 75, §

185: nil admirari prope res est una, Numici, Solaque, quae, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1:

te unum, solum suum depeculatorem, vexatorem... venisse senserunt,

Cic. Pis. 40, 96:

unus solusque censebat,

Plin. Pan. 76.—

Strengthened by tantum (rare before the Aug. age; once in Cic.; cf. Halm ad Cic. Sull. 22, 62):

inter bina castra... unum flumen tantum intererat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19:

excepit unum tantum, nihil amplius,

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

unius tantum criminis in vincla te duci jubeo,

Liv. 3, 56, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

unā tantum perforatā navi,

id. 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; 44, 43, 6; Just. 8, 5, 5; Sen. Ep. 79, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 11, 37, 47, § 131; Cels. 5, 28, 14; cf. absol.:

unum defuisse tantum superbiae, quod, etc.,

Liv. 6, 16, 5.—

Strengthened by modo (class.):

nam aliis unus modo, aliis plures, aliis omnes eidem videntur,

Cic. Or. 54, 180:

hi unum modo quale sit suspicantur,

id. ib. 9, 28:

hoc autem si ita sit, ut unum modo sensibus falsum videtur,

id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; id. Phil. 1, 6, 14; Sall. J. 89, 6; id. H. 3, 61, 12 Dietsch; Liv. 22, 45, 4; 23, 42, 5.—

Unus for unus omnium maxime:

quae tibi una in amore atque in deliciis fuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3; so,

Nautes, unum Tritonia Pallas Quem docuit,

Verg. A. 5, 704.—

Emphat., with negatives, no one person or thing, not a single one, none whatever:

eum si reddis mihi, praeterea unum nummum ne duis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 81:

nemo de nobis unus excellat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 105:

ut unum signum Byzantii ex maximo numero nullum haberent,

id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:

nullā re unā magis oratorem commendari, quam, etc.,

id. Brut. 59, 216:

haec adhortatio praetoris non modo quemquam unum elicuit ad suadendum, sed ne fremitum quidem movit (i. e. non modo non... sed),

Liv. 32, 20, 7:

quia nemo unus satis dignus regno visus est,

id. 2, 6, 3:

eo mortuo ad neminem unum summa imperii redit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 18:

Rhodiis ut nihil unum insigne, ita omnis generis dona dedit,

Liv. 41, 20, 7; cf. id. 3, 45, 4.—

Plur.:

sequere me Tres unos passus,

three single steps, only three steps, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 34:

unae quinque minae,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 52:

ruri dum sum ego unos sex dies,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 129; id. Cist. 4, 2, 68:

sese unis Suebis concedere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 7:

Ubii, qui uni legatos miserant,

id. ib. 4, 16:

ut unis litteris totius aestatis res gestas ad senatum perscriberem,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 3:

abs te ipso, qui me accusas, unas mihi scito litteras redditas esse,

id. Att. 1, 5, 4.

Transf., indef., a or an, one, some, some one.

Without a pron.

Absol.:

inter mulieres, Quae ibi aderant, forte unam aspicio adulescentulam, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 91:

ibi una aderit mulier lepida, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 38:

sicut unus paterfamilias his de rebus loquor,

Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132; cf.:

me una haec res torquet, quod non Pompejum tanquam unus manipularis secutus sim,

id. Att. 9, 10, 2.—

With ex:

ut me sic audiatis ut unum e togatis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

qui non fuit orator unus e multis: potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

ex principibus unus nomine Polyaenus,

Liv. 24, 22, 1:

unus ex ultimā turbā,

id. 24, 27, 1.—

With de:

tenuis L. Verginius unusque de multis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66. —

With gen. part. (not in Cic.):

eregione unius eorum pontium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 35:

Apollonides principum unus orationem habuit,

Liv. 24, 28, 1:

pastorum unus,

id. 10, 4, 8:

servus unus exulum initium fecit,

id. 25, 23, 6:

scortum transfugarum unius,

id. 26, 12, 16; 26, 33, 11; 30, 42, 30; 37, 23, 7;

40, 5, 10: unus turbae militaris,

id. 22, 42, 4; 6, 40, 6:

unus hostium Latinae linguae sciens,

Tac. A. 2, 13:

una Amazonum,

id. ib. 4, 56:

unum se civium (esse) respondit,

id. ib. 12, 5.—

With sup.:

est huic unus servos violentissimus, Qui, etc.,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 39; cf.:

tanquam mihi cum M. Crasso contentio esset, non cum uno gladiatore nequissimo,

Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7.—

With,

Aliquis:

ex quibus si unum aliquod in te cognoveris, etc.,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 9, 27; cf.:

ad unum aliquem confugere,

id. Off. 2, 12, 41:

unius alicujus,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 64; id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62; 2, 2, 3, § 9; id. Phil. 10, 1, 3.—In the order aliquis unus, Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48.—

Quidam:

est enim eloquentia una quaedam de summis virtutibus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 55:

unius cujusdam,

id. ib. 2, 10, 40.—

Quivis:

si tu solus aut quivis unus, etc.,

Cic. Caecin. 22, 62.—

Quilibet:

queratur unus quilibet militis mei injuriam,

Liv. 42, 42, 3:

unus Quiritium quilibet,

id. 6, 40, 6:

quilibet unus ex iis, quos, etc.,

id. 9, 17, 15.—

Quisque:

ponite ante oculos unum quemque regum,

Cic. Par. 1, 2, 11; so,

unus quisque (and sometimes in one word, unusquisque): unāquāque de re,

id. Font. 10, 21:

unum quodque,

id. Rosc. Am. 30, 83:

unum quidque,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 29:

domini capitis unius cujusque,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48.—

Quisquis:

sin unum quicquid singillatim et placide percontabere,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 39:

unum quicquid,

Lucr. 5, 1388.—

Private, un official, a private person, a private citizen (post-class.):

dicentes publicam violationem fidei non debere unius lui sanguine,

Vell. 2, 1, 5:

pro uno homine jactura publica pacisceris,

Sen. Suas. 7, 3.— Adv.: ūnā (acc. to I. B. 1.), in one and the same place, at the same time, in company, together:

qui cum Amphitruone hinc una ieram in exercitum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 248:

hic Juppiter hodie ipse aget, Et ego una cum illo,

id. ib. prol. 95:

quod summi puerorum amores saepe una cum praetextā togā ponerentur,

Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

i mecum, obsecro, una simul,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 43:

mandata eri perierunt, una et Sosia,

id. Am. 1, 1, 182:

si mei consilii causam rationemque cognoverit, una et id quod facio probabit, et, etc.,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 1:

qui una venerant,

id. Rep. 1, 12, 18:

cum et ego essem una et pauci admodum familiares,

id. Lael. 1, 2:

si in Italiā consistat (Pompejus), erimus una,

id. Att. 7, 10; id. Fin. 2, 24, 79; id. Brut. 21, 81.— Poet., with dat.:

Pallas huic filius una, Una omnes juvenum primi pauperque senatus Tura dabant,

at the same time, along with him, Verg. A. 8, 104 sq.

sīve (old orthog. SEIVE, Tab. Bantin. l. 6; and hence, by apocope, like neu, from neve, NEIVE). seu (the latter form very rare in Cic.; more freq. in Cæs.; as freq. as sive in the poets), conj. [si-ve], a disjunctive conditional particle, or if = vel si.

Put once, preserving the conditional signif. of the si (cf., on the other hand, infra, II. B. 2.).

After a preceding si (mostly ante-class.): si vivimus sive morimur, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 880 P. (Ann. v. 384 Vahl.):

si media nox est, sive est prima vespera,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 4:

si ista uxor sive amica est,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 11: si nocte sive luce, si servus sive liber faxit, Rogat. ap. Liv. 22, 10:

si arborum trunci, sive naves essent a barbaris missae,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17 fin.:

si ego volo seu nolo,

Plaut. Cist. 3, 14:

si movero me, seu secari sensero,

id. Merc. 2, 2, 40:

si speras... seu tibi confidis, etc.,

id. Rud. 3, 2, 19; Val. Fl. 1, 837:

si te, etc.... sive haec, etc.... seu, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 58.—

Without a preceding si (rare):

dehinc postulo, sive aequom'st, te oro, ut, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 19 (for which:

peto a te, vel si pateris, oro,

Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 3):

bis denas Italo texamus robore naves, Seu plures complere valent, etc.,

Verg. A. 11, 327:

me seu corpus spoliatum lumine mavis, Redde meis,

id. ib. 12, 935; cf.:

haec pars dialectica, sive illam dicere malumus disputatricem,

Quint. 12, 2, 13:

turdus, Sive aliud privum dabitur tibi, devolet illuc,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 11; cf. id. C. 1, 6, 19.—

Repeated, with a disjunctive sense predominant.

Connecting words or phrases in the same construction. or conditional clauses which have the same predicate: sive (seu)... sive (seu) (in good prose, esp. in Cic., usually sive... sive; in Cæs. often seu... seu; after the Aug. period often sive... seu, or seu... [p. 1714] sive); prop. if this or if that be the case, placing the counter propositions on an equality, be it that... or that; if... or if; whether... or, i. e. in either case (the predominant use and signif. in prose and poetry).

In gen.:

qui improbus est, sive subbibit, sive adeo caret temeto, tamen ab ingenio est improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59; so,

sive... sive etiam,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 3, 6; Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

sive quid mecum ipse cogito, sive quid aut scribo aut lego,

Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 1:

sive eum ex paludibus elicere sive obsidione premere posset,

Caes. B. G. 7, 32:

sive regi sive optimatibus serviant,

Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55:

ex quo exardescit sive amor sive amicitia,

id. Lael. 27, 100:

sive tu medicum adhibueris, sive non adhibueris,

id. Fat. 12 fin.; cf. id. Fam. 12, 2, 3:

sive sub incertas Zephyris mutantibus umbras, Sive antro potius succedimus,

Verg. E. 5, 5:

seu recte, seu pervorse facta sunt, Egomet fecisse confiteor,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 146; Caes. B. C. 3, 61:

facilem esse rem, seu maneant, seu proficiscantur,

id. B. G. 5, 31; 5, 51; 7, 36; 7, 89; id. B. C. 3, 79; Sall. C. 49, 4; id. J. 103, 2; Verg. G. 3, 49; 4, 25; 4, 33; id. A. 2, 62; 6, 881 al.:

quantitas plerumque eidem subjacet, seu modi est seu numeri,

Quint. 7, 4, 41:

sive dolo, seu jam Trojae sic fata ferebant,

Verg. A. 2, 34:

sive deae seu sint dirae volucres,

id. ib. 3, 262; 4, 240; 7, 199; Liv. 10, 14; Quint. 1, 5, 18; 1, 5, 35; 1, 5, 41; 2, 1, 11;

12, 10, 26: seu magni superas jam saxa Timavi, Sive oram Illyrici legis aequoris,

Verg. E. 8, 6; so,

seu... sive,

id. A. 1, 218; 10, 109; 11, 528; Ov. M. 4, 321; 4, 639; 15, 324 al. (In Cæs. B. C. 2, 27, the MSS. vary between seu... sive and sive... sive.)—

Repeated several times:

sive ancillam sive servum sive uxorem sive adulterum, Seu patrem sive avum videbo,

Plaut. Am. 4, 5, 15 sq.; cf. id. ib. prol. 69 sq.; and id. Merc. 2, 2, 35:

quibus (Cimmeriis) aspectum solis sive deus aliquis sive natura ademerat, sive loci situs,

Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 61: seu furor est: habeo, quae carmine sanet et herbis; Sive aliquis nocuit: magico lustrabere ritu;

Ira deum sive est: sacris placabimus iram,

Ov. M. 10, 397 et saep. —

With a corresp. si: sive tu vatem, sive tu omen audieris; sive immolaris, sive avem aspexeris;

si Chaldaeum, si haruspicem videris, si fulserit, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 72, 149.—

Connecting complete conditional sentences, each with its own conclusion, but always implying that the alternative conclusions are alike steps in the general argument, if, on the one hand... if, on the other, if... but if:

nam sive timuit, quid ignavius? sive meliorem suam causam fore putavit, quid injustius?

Cic. Att. 8, 9, 3: sive enim ad sapientiam perveniri potest, non paranda nobis solum ea, sed fruenda etiam est;

sive hoc difficile est, tamen nec modus est ullus investigandi, etc.,

id. Fin. 1, 1, 3:

eis sive creditur, creditur hoc ipsum quod nos arguimus, sive fides non habetur, de adversarii testium fide derogatur,

id. Caec. 1, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

ut sive abstinuisset Epiro, integra sibi omnia essent: sive venisset, sic quoque spes veniae foret,

Liv. 36, 6, 6 sq.; 36, 16, 10; 38, 3, 10;

37, 15, 2: eos seu dedi placeat, dedere se paratos esse, seu supplicio adfici, daturos poenas,

id. 7, 20, 7; 27, 14, 1; 30, 40, 7.—

Instead of sive as a correl., sin or si vero is sometimes found:

sive sensus exstinguitur... quis me beatior? sin vera sunt quae dicuntur, migrationem esse, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97 sq.:

sive enim Zenonem sequare, magnum est efficere... si vero Academiam veterem persequamur, etc.,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 7: sive enim abscedant, cui dubium esse quin, etc.;

sin autem manendum ibi nihilo minus sit,

Liv. 37, 15, 2.—

In this use *

si... sive is found once: si omnes atomi declinabunt, nullae umquam cohaerescent, sive aliae declinabunt, aliae suo nutu recte ferentur, primum, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 20 B. and K.; cf.: si... sive in one sentence, I. A. supra; and v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. p. 45.—

On account of the predominant disjunctive sense,

In the poets and in post-Aug. prose, instead of one sive, sometimes aut, vel, or one of the interrogative particles ne or an is used:

(saxum) seu turbidus imber Proluit, aut annis solvit sublapsa vetustas,

Verg. A. 12, 685:

sive... sive... vel, etc.,

Flor. 4, 2, 79: misero conjux, fatone erepta Creusa Substitit, erravitne viā, seu lassa resedit, Incertum, Verg. A. 2, 739:

sive fatali vecordiā an, etc.,

Tac. A. 11, 26; so,

sive... seu... an,

id. ib. 14, 59.—

Sometimes also sive stands alone in a purely disjunctive sense, = vel (in Cicero only in the phrases sive quis, sive potius, sive etiam):

ut mihi Platonis illud, seu quis dixit alius, perelegans esse videatur,

or whoever else said it, Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 29:

quid perturbatius hoc ab urbe discessu, sive potius turpissimā fugā?

id. Att. 8, 3, 3:

te primum rogo, ut (animum) erigas ac resistas, sive etiam ultro occurras negotiis,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

Aristarchus et aetate nostrā Palaemon vocabulum, sive appellationem, nomini subjecerunt,

Quint. 1, 4, 20:

delectandi sive conciliandi officium,

id. 12, 10, 59:

miracula visa sive ex metu credita,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

proelium sive naufragium,

Just. 2, 9, 20:

Romana bella sive Asiana,

id. 38, 3, 10.

sisto, stĭti (Charis. p. 220, and Diom. p. 369, give steti for both sisto and sto, confining stiti to the compounds of both. But steti, as perfect of sisto, is late jurid. Lat., and perh. dub.;

for steterant,

Verg. A. 3, 110;

steterint,

id. ib. 3, 403; Liv. 8, 32, 12, belong to stare; cf. also Gell. 2, 14, 1 sqq.; and v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 461 sq.), stătum [root stă, strengthened by reduplication; cf. histêmi], used in two general senses, I. To cause to stand, place, = colloco, pono; II. To stand, be placed, = sto.

Sistere, in gen., = collocare (in class. prose only in the partic. uses, v. A. 4. C. and D., infra).

Causative, with acc.

To place = facere ut stet; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with ad, super, etc., and acc.:

O qui me gelidis in vallibus Haemi Sistat,

Verg. G. 2, 489:

tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris,

id. A. 3, 117 (classis stat;

v. sto): inque tuo celerem litore siste gradum,

Ov. H. 13, 102 (cf. infra, III. 2. A.):

jaculum clamanti (al. clamantis) sistit in ore,

plants the dart in his face, Verg. A. 10, 323:

disponit quas in fronte manus, medio quas robore sistat,

Stat. Th. 7, 393:

(equum ligneum) sacratā sistimus arā,

Verg. A. 2, 245:

aeternis potius me pruinis siste,

Stat. Th. 4, 395: ut stata (est) lux pelago, as soon as light was set ( shone) on the sea, id. ib. 5, 476:

victima Sistitur ante aras,

Ov. M. 15, 132:

quam (suem) Aeneas ubi... sistit ad aram,

Verg. A. 8, 85:

post haec Sistitur crater,

Ov. M. 8, 669: vestigia in altero (monte) sisti (non posse), that no footprints can be placed ( made) on the other mountain, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211:

cohortes expeditas super caput hostium sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 77; cf. id. A. 12, 13; Stat. Th. 4, 445; Sil. 4, 612. —

To place, as the result of guidance or conveyance; hence, to convey, to send, lead, take, conduct to, = facere ut veniat; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with advv. of place: officio meo ripā sistetur in illā Haec, will be carried by me to, etc., Ov. M. 9, 109:

terrā sistēre petitā,

id. ib. 3, 635:

(vos) facili jam tramite sistam,

Verg. A. 6, 676:

ut eum in Syriā aut Aegypto sisterent orabat,

to convey him to, Tac. H. 2, 9.—So with hic (= in with abl.) or huc (= in with acc.):

hic siste patrem,

Sen. Phoen. 121:

Annam huc siste sororem,

Verg. A. 4, 634.—

To place an army in order of battle, draw up, = instruere:

aciem in litore sistit,

Verg. A. 10, 309; cf.:

sistere tertiam decimam legionem in ipso aggere jubet,

Tac. H. 3, 21.—

Se sistere = to betake one's self, to present one's self, to come (so twice in Cicero's letters):

des operam, id quod mihi affirmasti, ut te ante Kal. Jan., ubicumque erimus, sistas,

Cic. Att. 3, 25:

te vegetum nobis in Graeciā sistas,

id. ib. 10, 16, 6 (cf. infra, E.):

hic dea se primum rapido pulcherrima nisu Sistit,

Verg. A. 11, 853.—

With two acc. (cf.: praesto, reddo) = to cause to be in a certain condition, to place, etc.; often with dat. of interest (ante- and post-class., and poet.; cf.

supra, 4.): ego vos salvos sistam,

I will place you in safety, see you to a safe place, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 5:

omnia salva sistentur tibi,

all will be returned to you in good order, id. ib. 5, 3, 3; so,

suam rem sibi salvam sistam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 123; cf.:

rectius tacitas tibi res sistam, quam quod dictum est mutae mulieri,

will keep your secrets, id. ib. 4, 2, 54:

neque (dotem) incolumem sistere illi, et detraxe autument,

that you deliver it entire to her, id. Trin. 3, 3, 15:

cum te reducem aetas prospera sistet,

Cat. 64, 238: tu modo servitio vacuum me siste (= praesta) superbo, set me free from, Prop. 4, 16 (3, 17), 42:

tutum patrio te limine sistam,

will see you safe home, Verg. A. 2, 620:

praedā onustos triumphantesque mecum domos reduces sistatis,

Liv. 29, 27, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Pelasgis siste levem campum,

Stat. Th. 8, 328:

modo se isdem in terris victorem sisterent,

Tac. A. 2, 14:

operā tuā sistas hunc nobis sanum atque validum,

give him back to us, safe and sound, Gell. 18, 10, 7: ita mihi salvam ac sospitem rempublicam sistere in suā sede liceat, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 28.—

Neutr, with double nom., = exsistere, to be, to become: judex extremae sistet vitaeque necisque, he will become a judge, etc., Manil. 4, 548 (dub.):

tempora quod sistant propriis parentia signis,

id. 3, 529 (dub.; al. sic stant; cf. infra, II.).—

As neuter verb, to stand, rest, be placed, lie ( poet.);

constr. like sto: ne quis mihi obstiterit obviam, nam qui obstiterit, ore sistet,

will lie on his face, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 13 Brix ad loc.: (nemo sit) tantā gloriā... quin cadat, quin capite sistat, will be placed or stand on his head, id. Curc. 2, 3, 8:

ibi crebro, credo, capite sistebant cadi,

id. Mil. 3, 2, 36 Lorenz (Brix, hoc illi crebro capite):

ipsum si quicquam posse in se sistere credis,

to rest upon itself, Lucr. 1, 1057:

neque posse in terrā sistere terram,

nor can the earth rest upon itself, id. 2, 603:

at conlectus aquae... qui lapides inter sistit per strata viarum,

id. 4, 415:

incerti quo fata ferant, ubi sistere detur,

to rest, to stay, Verg. A. 3, 7; cf.:

quaesitisque diu terris, ubi sistere detur,

Ov. M. 1, 307. —

As jurid. term.

In both a causative and neuter sense = to produce in court, or to appear in court after being bound over by the judge or by promise to the adversary (vadimonium); constr. either absol. or with the dat. of the adversary to whom the promise is made (alicui sisti), to appear upon somebody's demand; also, in judicio sisti. The present active is either used reflexively (se sistere = to appear), or with a transitive object (sistere aliquem = to produce in court one in whose behalf the promise has been made). The present passive, sisti, sistendus, sistitur, = to appear or to be produced. The perfect act., stiti, stitisse, rarely the perfect passive, status sum, = to have appeared, I appeared. So in all periods of the language:

cum autem in jus vocatus fuerit adversarius, ni eo die finitum fuerit negotium, vadimonium ei faciendum est, id est ut promittat se certo die sisti,

Gai. 4, 184:

fit ut Alfenus promittat, Naevio sisti Quinctium,

that Quinctius would be forthcoming upon Naevius's complaint, Cic. Quint. 21, 67; cf. id. ib. 8, 30 (v. infra, B.):

testificatur, P. Quinctium non stitisse, et se stitisse,

id. ib. 6, 25:

quin puellam sistendam promittat (= fore ut puella sistatur in judicio),

Liv. 3, 45, 3:

interrogavit quisquam, in quem diem locumque vadimonium promitti juberet, et Scipio manum ad ipsam oppidi, quod obsidebatur, arcem protendens: Perendie sese sistant illo in loco,

Gell. 7, 1, 10:

si quis quendam in judicio sisti promiserit, in eādem causā eum debet sistere,

Dig. 2, 11, 11:

si servum in eādem causā sistere promiserit, et liber factus sistatur,... non recte sistitur,

ib. 2, 9, 5:

sed si statu liberum sisti promissum sit, in eādem causā sisti videtur, quamvis liber sistatur,

ib. 2, 9, 6:

cum quis in judicio sisti promiserit, neque adjecerit poenam si status non esset,

ib. 2, 6, 4:

si quis in judicio secundum suam promissionem non stitit,

ib. 2, 11, 2, § 1; cf. ib. 2, 5, 1; 2, 8, 2; 2, 11, 2, § 3.—

Vadimonium sistere, to present one's self in court, thus keeping the solemn engagement (vadimonium) made to that effect; lit., to make the vadimonium stand, i. e. effective, opp. deserere vadimonium = not to appear, to forfeit the vadimonium. The phrase does not occur in the jurists of the Pandects, the institution of the vadimonium being abolished by Marcus Aurelius. It is found in the following three places only: quid si vadimonium capite obvoluto stitisses? Cat. ap. Gell. 2, 14, 1: ut Quinctium sisti Alfenus promitteret. Venit Romam Quinctius;

vadimonium sistit,

Cic. Quint. 8, 30:

ut nullum illa stiterit vadimonium sine Attico,

Nep. Att. 9; Gai. 4, 185; cf. diem sistere under status, P. a. infra.—

Transf., out of judicial usage, in gen., = to appear or present one's self, quasi ex vadimonio; constr. absol. or with dat. of the person entitled to demand the appearance:

ubi tu es qui me vadatus's Veneriis vadimoniis? Sisto ego tibi me, et mihi contra itidem ted ut sistas suadeo (of a lover's appointment),

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 5; so,

tibi amatorem illum alacrem vadimonio sistam,

produce, App. M. 9, p. 227, 14:

nam promisimus carnufici aut talentum magnum, aut hunc hodie sistere,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 73:

vas factus est alter ejus sistendi, ut si ille non revertisset, moriendum esset sibi,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 45. —

Fana sistere, acc. to Festus anciently used, either = to place ( secure and fix places for) temples in founding a city, or to place the couches in the lectisternia:

sistere fana, cum in urbe condendā dicitur, significat loca in oppido futurorum fanorum constituere: quamquam Antistius Labeo, in commentario XV. juris pontificii ait fana sistere esse lectisternia certis locis et diebus habere,

Fest. p. 267 Lind. To this usage Plaut. perh. alludes:

apud illas aedis sistendae mihi sunt sycophantiae,

the place about that house I must make the scene of my tricks, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 25.—

Sistere monumenta, etc., or sistere alone, to erect statues, etc. (= statuere; post-class. and rare;

mostly in Tac.): ut apud Palatium effigies eorum sisteret,

Tac. A. 15, 72:

cum Augustus sibi templum sisti non prohibuisset,

id. ib. 4 37:

at Romae tropaea de Parthis arcusque sistebantur,

id. ib. 15, 18:

monuere ut... templum iisdem vestigiis sisteretur,

id. H. 4, 53:

sistere monumenta,

Aus. Ep. 24, 55: Ast ego te... Carthaginis arce Marmoreis sistam templis (cf. histanai tina), Sil. 8, 231; v. statuo.

Sistere = to cause what is tottering or loose to stand firm, to support or fasten; and neutr., to stand firm.

Causative (rare;

perh. not in class. prose) = stabilire: sucus... mobilis (dentes) sistit,

Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 15; and trop.: hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu Sistet (cf.: respublica stat;

v. sto),

Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:

non ita civitatem aegram esse, ut consuetis remediis sisti posset,

Liv. 3, 20, 8 (where sisti may be impers.; v. infra, III. C.).—

Neutr., to stand firm, to last, = stare:

nec mortale genus, nec divum corpora sancta Exiguom possent horai sistere tempus,

Lucr. 1, 1016: qui rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur, Cotta ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223.—

Neutr., to stand firm, to resist:

nec quicquam Teucros Sustentare valet telis, aut sistere contra,

Verg. A. 11, 873; so with dat. = resistere:

donec Galba, inruenti turbae neque aetate neque corpore sistens, sella levaretur,

Tac. H. 1, 35; cf. sisti = resistere, III. B. 1. f. infra.

Sistere = to stand still, and to cause to stand still.

Neutr. = stare (rare; in Varr., Tac., and the poets).

To stand still:

solstitium dictum est quod sol eo die sistere videatur,

Varr. L. L. 5, p. 53 (Bip.):

sistunt amnes,

Verg. G. 1, 479:

incurrit, errat, sistit,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 248.—

To remain, stop:

Siste! Quo praeceps ruis?

Sen. Thyest. 77; id. Oedip. 1050:

vis tu quidem istum intra locum sistere?

will you remain in that position? Tac. A. 4, 40.—

Trop., to stop, not to go any farther:

depunge, ubi sistam,

Pers. 6, 79:

nec in Hectore tracto sistere,

to stop at the dragging of Hector, Stat. Achill. 1, 7.—

To cease (dub.):

hactenus sistat nefas' pius est,

if his crime ceases here, he will be pious, Sen. Thyest. 744 (perh. act., to stop, end).—

Causative (not ante-Aug.; freq. in Tac., Plin., and the poets).

To arrest, stop, check an advancing motion.

With gradum:

plano sistit uterque gradum,

arrest their steps, Prop. 5 (4), 10, 36; Verg. A. 6, 465:

siste properantem gradum,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 772:

repente sistunt gradum,

Curt. 4, 6, 14. —With pedem, Ov. R. Am. 80.—

With fugam, to stop, stay, check, stem, arrest the flight:

fugam foedam siste,

Liv. 1, 12, 5:

si periculo suo fugam sistere posset,

id. 30, 12, 1; so Curt. 8, 14, 37; 4, 16, 2; 8, 3, 2; Tac. A. 12, 39.—

Of vehicles, horses, etc.:

esseda siste,

Prop. 2, 1, 76:

equos,

Verg. A. 12, 355:

quadrijugos,

Stat. Achill. 2, 429; so id. Th. 5, 364.—

With iter, to arrest the advance of an army, to halt:

exercitus iter sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 50.—

With bellum, to halt (cf. infra, D.):

Aquilejae sisti bellum expectarique Mucianum jubebat,

Tac. H. 3, [p. 1712] 8.—

Of living objects, in gen.

To arrest their course, make them halt:

aegre coercitam legionem Bedriaci sistit,

Tac. H. 2, 23:

festinantia sistens Fata,

staying the hurrying Fates, Stat. S. 3, 4, 24.—So, se sistere with ab, to desist from:

non prius se ab effuso cursu sistunt,

Liv. 6, 29, 3; hence, to arrest by wounding, i. e. to wound or kill:

aliquem cuspide,

Sil. 1, 382; 1, 163; so,

cervum vulnere sistere,

id. 2, 78.—

To stop a hostile attack of persons, to resist them, ward them off:

ut non sisterent modo Sabinas legiones, sed in fugam averterent,

Liv. 1, 37, 3:

ibi integrae vires sistunt invehentem se jam Samnitem,

id. 10, 14, 18:

nec sisti vis hostium poterat,

Curt. 5, 3, 11:

nec sisti poterant scandentes,

Tac. H. 3, 71; 5, 21. —

Trop., to stop the advance of prices:

pretia augeri in dies, nec mediocribus remediis sisti posse,

Tac. A. 3, 52.—

To arrest the motion of fluids.

Of water:

sistere aquam fluviis,

Verg. A. 4, 489:

amnis, siste parumper aquas,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 2:

quae concita flumina sistunt,

id. M. 7, 154:

sistito infestum mare,

calm, Sen. Agam. 523; cf. Ov. M. 7, 200; id. H. 6, 87; Plin. 28, 8, 29, § 118.—

Of blood and secretions:

(ea) quibus sistitur sanguis parari jubet,

Tac. A. 15, 54:

sanguinem,

Plin. 20, 7, 25, § 59; 28, 18, 73, § 239; 27, 4, 5, § 18:

haemorrhoidum abundantiam,

id. 27, 4, 5, § 19:

fluctiones,

id. 20, 8, 27, § 71, 34, 10, 23, § 105; 35, 17, 57, § 195:

nomas,

id. 30, 13, 39, § 116; 24, 16, 94, § 151:

mensis,

id. 23, 6, 60, § 112:

vomitiones,

id. 20, 20, 81, § 213:

alvum bubus,

id. 18, 16, 42, § 143:

alvum,

stop the bowels, id. 23, 6, 60, § 113; 22, 25, 59, § 126; 20, 5, 18, § 37:

ventrem,

id. 20, 23, 96, § 256; Mart. 13, 116.—

To arrest the motion of life, make rigid:

ille oculos sistit,

Stat. Th. 2, 539.—

To end, put an end to (= finem facere alicui rei); pass., to cease:

querelas,

Ov. M. 7, 711:

fletus,

id. ib. 14, 835:

lacrimas,

id. F. 1, 367; 480; 6, 154:

minas,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 60:

opus,

id. H. 16 (17), 266; id. M. 3, 153:

labores,

id. ib. 5, 490:

furorem,

Stat. Th. 5, 663:

furialem impetum,

Sen. Med. 157; id. Agam. 203:

pace tamen sisti bellum placet,

Ov. M. 14, 803:

antequam summa dies spectacula sistat,

id. F. 4, 387:

sitim sistere,

to allay, id. P. 3, 1, 18:

nec primo in limine sistit conatus scelerum,

suppresses, Stat. S. 5, 2, 86:

ruinas,

to stop destruction, Plin. Pan. 50, 4:

ventum,

to ward off, turn the wind, id. Ep. 2, 17, 17;

(motus terrae) non ante quadraginta dies sistuntur, = desinunt,

Plin. 2, 82, 84, § 198.—

Sistere with intra = to confine, keep within:

transgresso jam Alpes Caecina, quem sisti intra Gallias posse speraverant,

Tac. H. 2, 11:

dum populatio lucem intra sisteretur,

provided the raids were confined to day-time, id. A. 4, 48. —

Impers. and trop., to arrest or avoid an impending misfortune, or to stand, i. e. to endure; generally in the form sisti non potest (more rarely: sisti potest) = it cannot be endured, a disaster cannot be avoided or met (once in Plaut.; freq. in Liv.; sometimes in Tac.; cf., in gen., Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 720; Drak. ad Liv. 3, 16, 4; Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 29, 8; Gronov. ad Liv. 4, 12, 6; Beneke ad Just. 11, 1, 6).

Without a subject, res or a noun of general import being understood:

quid ego nunc agam, nisi ut clipeum ad dorsum accommodem, etc.? Non sisti potest,

it is intolerable, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 94:

totam plebem aere alieno demersam esse, nec sisti posse nisi omnibus consulatur,

Liv. 2, 29, 8:

si domestica seditio adiciatur, sisti non posse,

the situation will be desperate, id. 45, 19, 3:

si quem similem priore anno dedissent, non potuisse sisti,

id. 3, 9, 8:

vixque concordiā sisti videbatur,

that the crisis could scarcely be met, even by harmonious action, id. 3, 16, 4:

qualicunque urbis statu, manente disciplinā militari sisti potuisse,

these evils were endurable, id. 2, 44, 10: exercitum gravi morbo affectari, nec sisti potuisse ni, etc., it would have ended in disaster, if not, etc., id. 29, 10, 1:

qui omnes populi si pariter deficiant, sisti nullo modo posse,

Just. 11, 1, 6 Gronov. ad loc.; cf. Liv. 3, 20, 8 supra, II. A. 1.— Rarely with a subject-clause understood: nec jam sisti poterat, and it was no longer tolerable, i. e. that Nero should disgrace himself, etc., Tac. A. 14, 14.—

Rarely with quin, to prevent etc. (pregn., implying also the stopping of something; cf.

supra, III. B. 1.): neque sisti potuit quin et palatium et domus et cuncta circum haurirentur (igni),

Tac. A. 15, 39.—Hence, stătus, a, um, P. a., as attribute of nouns, occurs in several conventional phrases, as relics of archaic usage.

Status (condictusve) dies cum hoste, in the XII. Tables, = a day of trial fixed by the judge or agreed upon with the adversary;

esp., a peregrinus (= hostis),

Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37. It presupposes a phrase, diem sistere, prob.=vadimonium sistere (v. supra, I. C. 2.). Such an appointment was an excuse from the most important public duties, even for soldiers from joining the army, Cinc. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4.—

Hence, transf.: si status condictus cum hoste intercedit dies, tamen est eundum quo imperant,

i. e. under all circumstances we must go, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5.—

In certain phrases, appointed, fixed, regular (cf. statutus, with which it is often confounded in MSS.):

status dies: tres in anno statos dies habere quibus, etc.,

Liv. 39, 13, 8:

stato loco statisque diebus,

id. 42, 32, 2; so id. 5, 52, 2; 27, 23 fin.:

stato lustri die,

Sen. Troad. 781:

status sacrificii dies,

Flor. 1, 3, 16:

statum tempus, statā vice, etc.: lunae defectio statis temporibus fit,

Liv. 44, 37 init.; so id. 28, 6, 10:

stato tempore,

Tac. A. 12, 13; id. H. 4, 81; Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 173:

stata tempora (partus),

Stat. Achill. 2, 673:

adeo in illā plagā mundus statas vices temporum mutat,

Curt. 8, 19, 13; so id. 9, 9, 9; 5, 1, 23; so, feriae, etc.: feriae statae appellabantur quod certo statutoque die observarentur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69 Lind.:

stata quinquennia,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 113:

stata sacra or sacrificia: stata sacrificia sunt quae certis diebus fieri debent,

Fest. p. 264 Lind.:

proficiscuntur Aeniam ad statum sacrificium,

Liv. 40, 4, 9; 23, 35, 3; 5, 46, 2; 39, 13, 8; Cic. Mil. 17, 45:

solemne et statum sacrificium (al. statutum),

id. Tusc. 1, 47, 113; so Liv. 23, 35, 3:

stata sacra,

Ov. F. 2, 528; Stat. Th. 1, 666:

stata foedera,

id. ib. 11, 380:

status flatus,

Sen. Ben. 4, 28:

stati cursus siderum,

Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 291 (different: statae stellae = fixed stars, Censor. D. N. 8, belonging to II. 2. supra): statae febres, intermittent fevers, returning regularly, Plin. 28, 27, 28, § 107.—

Moderate, average, normal:

inter enim pulcherrimam feminam et deformissimam media forma quaedam est, quae et a nimio pulcritudinis periculo et a summo deformitatis odio vacat, qualis a Q. Ennio perquam eleganti vocabulo stata dicitur...Ennius autem eas fere feminas ait incolumi pudicitia esse quae statā formā forent,

Gell. 5, 11, 12 -14 (v. Enn. Trag. p. 133 Vahl.).

pēs, pĕdis, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. pād, foot, from root pad, ire; Gr. pod-, pous; Goth. fōt; old Germ. vuoz; Engl. foot], a foot of man or beast.

Lit.:

si pes condoluit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

calcei apti ad pedem,

id. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

nec manus, nec pedes, nec alia membra,

id. Univ. 6:

pede tellurem pulsare,

i. e. to dance, Hor. C. 1, 37, 1; cf.:

alterno pede terram quatere,

id. ib. 1, 4, 7;

4, 1, 27: pedis aptissima forma,

Ov. Am. 3, 3, 7:

aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,

are born feet first, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:

cycnum pedibus Jovis armiger uncis Sustulit,

Verg. A. 9, 564; cf. id. ib. 11, 723: pedem ferre, to go or come, id. G. 1, 11:

si in fundo pedem posuisses,

set foot, Cic. Caecin. 11, 31: pedem efferre, to step or go out, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 19:

qui pedem portā non extulit,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; 6, 8, 5:

pedem portā non plus extulit quam domo suā,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4: pedem limine efferre, id. Cael. 14, 34: pedem referre, revocare, retrahere, to go or come back, to return:

profugum referre pedem,

Ov. H. 15, 186; id. M. 2, 439.—Said even of streams:

revocatque pedem Tiberinus ab alto,

Verg. A. 9, 125:

retrahitque pedes simul unda relabens,

id. ib. 10, 307; cf. infra, II. H.: pedibus, on foot, afoot:

cum ingressus iter pedibus sit,

Cic. Sen. 10, 34; Suet. Aug. 53.—

Esp. in phrase: pedibus ire, venire, etc.: pedibus proficisci,

Liv. 26, 19:

pedibus iter conficere,

id. 44, 5:

quod flumen uno omnino loco pedibus transire potest,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18:

(Caesar) pedibus Narbonem pervenit,

id. B. C. 2, 21:

ut neque pedibus aditum haberent,

id. B. G. 3, 12 init. —Rarely pede ire ( poet. and late Lat.):

quo bene coepisti, sic pede semper eas,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 66:

Jordanem transmiserunt pede,

Ambros. in Psa. 118, 165, n. 16.— Trop.:

Bacchus flueret pede suo,

i. e. wine unmixed with water, Auct. Aetn. 13; cf.:

musta sub adducto si pede nulla fluant,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 32, and II. H. infra.—Pregn., by land:

cum illud iter Hispaniense pedibus fere confici soleat: aut si quis navigare velit, etc.,

Cic. Vatin. 5, 12:

seu pedibus Parthos sequimur, seu classe Britannos,

Prop. 2, 20, 63 (3, 23, 5):

ego me in pedes (conicio),

take to my heels, make off, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 5.— Esp.: ad pedes alicui or alicujus, accidere, procidere, jacere, se abicere, se proicere, procumbere, etc., to approach as a suppliant, to fall at one's feet:

ad pedes omnium singillatim accidente Clodio,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

abjectā togā se ad generi pedes abiecit,

id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

rex procidit ad pedes Achillei,

Hor. Epod. 17, 14:

vos ad pedes lenonis proiecistis,

Cic. Sest. 11, 26:

filius se ad pedes meos prosternens,

id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

tibi sum supplex, Nec moror ante tuos procubuisse pedes,

Ov. H. 12, 186:

cui cum se moesta turba ad pedes provolvisset,

Liv. 6, 3, 4:

ad pedes Caesaris provoluta regina,

Flor. 4, 11, 9:

(mater una) mihi ad pedes misera jacuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129; cf.:

amplecti pedes potui,

Ov. M. 9, 605:

complector, regina, pedes,

Luc. 10, 89:

servus a pedibus,

a footman, lackey, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1: sub pedibus, under one's feet, i. e. in one's power, Verg. A. 7, 100; Liv. 34, 32: sub pedibus esse or jacere, to be or lie under one's feet, i. e. to be disregarded ( poet.):

sors ubi pessima rerum, Sub pedibus timor est,

Ov. M. 14, 490:

amicitiae nomen Re tibi pro vili sub pedibusque jacet,

id. Tr. 1, 8, 16: pedem opponere, to put one's foot against, i. e. to withstand, resist, oppose ( poet.), id. P. 4, 6, 8: pedem trahere, to drag one's foot, i. e. to halt, limp; said of scazontic verse, id. R. Am. 378: trahantur haec pedibus, may be dragged by the heels, i. e. may go to the dogs (class.):

fratrem mecum et te si habebo, per me ista pedibus trahantur,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 10; id. Fam. 7, 32, 2: ante pedes esse or ante pedes posita esse, to lie before one's feet, i. e. before one's eyes, to be evident, palpable, glaring:

istuc est sapere, non quod ante pedes modo est, Videre, sed etiam illa, quae futura sunt, Prospicere,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 32:

transilire ante pedes posita, et alia longe repetita sumere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 160:

omni pede stare,

i. e. to use every effort, make every exertion, Quint. 12, 9, 18: nec caput nec pes, neither head nor foot, beginning nor end, no part:

nec caput nec pes sermonum apparet,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139:

garriet quoi neque pes neque caput conpareat,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 81: tuas res ita contractas, ut, quemadmodum scribis, nec caput nec pedes, Curio ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2:

ut nec pes nec caput uni Reddatur formae,

Hor. A. P. 8:

dixit Cato, eam legationem nec caput, nec pedes, nec cor habere,

Liv. Epit. 50: pes felix, secundus, i. e. a happy or fortunate arrival:

adi pede secundo,

Verg. A. 8, 302:

felix,

Ov. F. 1, 514; cf.:

boni pedis homo, id est cujus adventus afferat aliquid felicitatis,

Aug. Ep. ad Max. Gram. 44.—So esp. pes dexter, because it was of good omen to move the right foot first;

temples had an uneven number of steps, that the same foot might touch the first step and first enter the temple,

Vitr. 3, 3; cf. Petr. 30:

quove pede ingressi?

Prop. 3 (4), 1, 6.—So the left foot was associated with bad omens; cf. Suet. Aug. 92 init.:

pessimo pede domum nostram accessit,

App. M. 6, 26, p. 184, 1; hence, dextro pede, auspiciously: quid tam dextro [p. 1363] pede concipis, etc., Juv. 10, 5: pedibus pecunia compensatur, said proverbially of distant lands purchased at a cheap rate, but which it costs a great deal to reach, Cato ap. Cic. Fl. 29, 72: a pedibus usque ad caput, from head to foot, all over (late Lat.; cf.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20), Aug. in Psa. 55, 20; 90, 1, 2 et saep.; cf.:

a vestigio pedis usque ad verticem,

Ambros. Offic. Min. 2, 22, 114.—

In partic.

Milit. t. t.: descendere ad pedes, to alight, dismount, of cavalry, Liv. 9, 22:

pedibus merere,

to serve on foot, as a foot-soldier, id. 24, 18:

ad pedes pugna ierat,

they fought on foot, id. 21, 46: pedem conferre, to come to close quarters:

collato pede rem gerere,

id. 26, 39; Cic. Planc. 19, 48.—

Publicist's t. t.: pedibus ire in sententiam alicujus, to adopt one's opinion, take sides with one:

cum omnes in sententiam ejus pedibus irent,

Liv. 9, 8, 13; 5, 9, 2.—

In mal. part.:

pedem or pedes tollere, extollere (ad concubitum),

Mart. 10, 81, 4; 11, 71, 8;

hence the lusus verbb. with pedem dare and tollere,

Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5. —

Transf.

A foot of a table, stool, bench, etc., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 46:

mensae sed erat pes tertius impar,

Ov. M. 8, 661; cf.:

pedem et nostrum dicimus, et lecti, et veli, ut carminis (v. in the foll.),

Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2:

tricliniorum,

Plin. 34, 2, 4, § 9:

subsellii,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68:

pes argenteus (mensae),

Juv. 11, 128.—

Pes veli, a rope attached to a sail for the purpose of setting it to the wind, a sheet:

sive utrumque Juppiter Simul secundus incidisset in pedem,

Cat. 4, 19:

pede labitur aequo,

i. e. before the wind, with the wind right aft, Ov. F. 3, 565:

pedibus aequis,

Cic. Att. 16, 6 init.; cf. also the passage quoted above from Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2; and:

prolato pede, transversos captare Notos,

id. Med. 322.— Hence, facere pedem, to veer out one sheet, to take advantage of a side wind, to haul the wind: una omnes fecere pedem;

pariterque sinistros, Nunc dextros solvere sinus,

Verg. A. 5, 830:

prolatis pedibus,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.—

The foot of a mountain (post-class.):

Orontes imos pedes Casii montis praetermeans,

Amm. 14, 8, 10 al. —

Ground, soil, territory (post-class.):

in Caesariensis pede,

Sol. 3, 2:

omnis Africa Zeugitano pede incipit,

id. 27, 1; cf.:

quamvis angustum pedem dispositio fecit habitabilem,

Sen. Tranq. An. 10, 4.—

The stalk or pedicle of a fruit, esp. of the grape, together with the husk:

vinaceorum pes proruitur,

Col. 12, 43; so id. 12, 36.—Of the olive, Plin. 15, 1, 2, § 5: pes milvinus or milvi, the stalk or stem of the plant batis, Col. 12, 7.—Hence, as a name for several plants: pedes gallinacei, a plant:

Capnos trunca, quam pedes gallinaceos vocant,

Plin. 25, 13, 98, § 155:

pedes betacei,

beetroots, Varr. R. R. 1, 27.—

Pedes navales, rowers, sailors, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 75.—

The barrow of a litter, Cat. 10, 22.—

Poet., of fountains and rivers: inde super terras fluit agmine dulci, Quā via secta semel liquido pede detulit undas, Lucr, 5, 272;

6, 638: crepante lympha desilit pede,

Hor. Epod. 16, 47:

liquido pede labitur unda,

Verg. Cul. 17:

lento pede sulcat harenas Bagrada,

Sil. 6, 140.—

A metrical foot:

ad heroum nos dactyli et anapaesti et spondei pedem invitas,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 82:

pedibus claudere verba,

to make verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28:

musa per undenos emodulanda pedes,

in hexameters and pentameters, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 30:

inque suos volui cogere verba pedes,

id. Tr. 5, 12, 34.—

A kind of verse, measure:

et pede, quo debent fortia bella geri,

Ov. Ib. 646:

Lesbius,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 35.—

In music, time (postAug.), Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 6.—

A foot, as a measure of length (class.):

ne iste hercle ab istā non pedem discedat,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 13:

ab aliquo pedem discessisse,

Cic. Deiot. 15, 42:

pedem e villā adhuc egressi non sumus,

id. Att. 13, 16, 1:

pes justus,

Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—Hence, transf.: pede suo se metiri, to measure one's self by one's own foot-rule, i. e. by one's own powers or abilities, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 98.—

Pedes, lice; v. pedis.—

The leg (late Lat.), in phrase: pedem frangere, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 22, 3; id. Serm. 273, 7.